Merge and proc sql join sas statistical analysis system. Advanced programming techniques with proc sql sas support. For example, if our tv table is in a db2 database called. This is done by using the ods statement available in sas. Sql was designed to query relational database management systems dbms. Proc sql, which is the sas implementation of structured query language, has provided another extremely versatile tool in the base sas arsenal for data manipulation. Proc sql can be used to retrieve, update, and report on information from sas data sets or other database products. Na unique proc sql keywords for more information see sas tips paper. If you copy the code to a sas editor, you can preserve the. This is a brief overview of some of the basic techniques. Since sas proc sql can be used with the sas parser, as lei zhang states i. The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows.
Created table new with records containing sex m, the result after the query will be records with sex f. Getting things in order with proc sql, macro and a sas function. Sql has no concept of row order does not process sequentially. Selects columns and rows of data from tables and views. The structured query language sql has a very different syntax and, often, a very different method of creating the desired results than the sas data step and the sas procedures. Proc sql each time a record is considered for selection a random number between 0 and 1 is generated and if it falls in the range 0,0.
Language procedure through a series of simple examples. A view contains only the descriptor and other information required to retrieve the data values from other sas files sas data files, data step views, or other proc sql views or external files dbms data files. The sql procedure contains many powerful and elegant language features for intermediate and advanced sql users. Often, proc sql can be an alternative to other sas procedures or the data step. Introduction a proc sql view is a stored query that is executed when you use the view in a sas procedure, data step, or function. Most sas programmers recognize the importance of documenting the data sets that are used in their projects.
This tutorial is designed for beginners who want to get started with proc sql. Similar to an ifthen construct, a case expression uses a whenthen clause to conditionally process some but not all the rows in a. Sql is part of base sas software, and you can use it with any sas data set table. Heres a handy reference paper pdf that you might like to check out. Proc sql is part of base sas software, and you can use it with any sas data set table. Proc sql versus the data step joann matthews, highmark blue shield, pittsburgh, pa abstract most data within organizations is stored in relational databases. Five reasons to use the sas data step or proc sql the. It allows you to create multiple datasets in one swift step. Just a little curious about this one, is there any limitations of where statement. Our journey will lead from simple listings to complex conditional processing. Then, i have to calculate the distance between every firmyear to all o.
The compact nature of a sql statement allows for quick updates of programming code if the data changes. The sql procedure is the base sas implementation of structured query language. Sas offers extensive support to most of the popular relational databases by using sql queries inside sas programs. Good days to all, i recently used sql to generate possible pairs of geograhic zipcodes between one location to another. Dec 17, 2010 it is nonprocedural, meaning that you state what you want. Only a very thorough manual, such as the sas guide to the proc sql procedure, could even begin to describe well the complete syntax and the full capabilities of proc sql. A base sas procedure combines data and proc step capabilities similar to ansi standard sql syntax can read sas data files, views, data bases with sasaccess can build sas data files and views, data bases with sasaccess may be more efficient than standard sas code.
Using sql within sas is an excellent introduction and reference manual for users looking to learn or brush up on their proc sql skills. In our example, the matching variable is the toy code. Learning to write sas code and use the code node is the jump from a buttonpusher to a sas user. Similar to an ifthen construct, a case expression uses a whenthen clause to conditionally process some but not all. Sql processing with sas software destiny corp home. Sql retrieves data in what it considers to be the most efficient way. In the sql procedure, a case expression provides a way of conditionally selecting result values from each row in a table or view. Dictionary have been moved to this book, sas sql procedure users guide. The procedure proc sql is used to process the sql statements.
Proc sql implicit yes yes via sasaccess no no proc sql explicit no yes via sasaccess no no data step yes via sas ep yes via sas ep no yes proc ds2 yes via sas ep yes via sas ep no no proc hpds2 yes no yes yes would work but will pull data to sas client for processing can be used to create new sashdat datasets but not to. Proc sql with where statement sas support communities. Proc sql tips and techniques sas proceedings and more. Running a stored process from other sas bi tools you can also run the same stored process from sas web report studio or sas add in to microsoft office. The output from a sas program can be converted to more user friendly forms like. Capability data step proc sql creating sas data sets sas data files or sas views x x create indexes on tables x creating sas data sets from input files that contain raw data external files x analyzing, manipulating, or presenting your data x x listing reports writing external files to disk or tape x computing the values for new variables x x.
Abstract sas has always been an extremely powerful data manipulation language. Sql statements can also include macro variables allowing for a generic program that can be dynamically updated. Sql procedure with analogous methods in the data step and other nonsql. Examples of macro variable lists charval1,charval2,charval3. The passthrough facility provides the tools needed to. Class dataset with base sas code, you can see here how to print the entire dataset to the results window using the print procedure. Still, for many of us who began using sas prior to the addition of sql or learned from hardcore data step programmers, change may not come easily. Proc sql is sas implementation of structured query language retrieve data from and manipulate sas datasets add or modify data values in a dataset add, modify, or drop columns in a dataset create datasets and views join multiple datasets whether or not they contain columns with the same name generate reports. The sas sql procedure sas has an implementation of structured query language called proc sql. Selecting this option improves performance,because sas does not have to read the entire result set and delete one row at a time. Proc sql can sort, summarize, subset, join merge, and concatenate datasets, create new variables, and print the results. See sas paper on why proc sql is a must know skill. It is often more efficient to use proc sql which optimizes the query before the discovery process is launched.
Proc sql includes several enhancements, which exceed the ansi. First, what is the difference in performance of base sas datastep and sas proc sql. Five reasons to use the sas data step or proc sql the sas. The passthrough facility offers the ability to assign tasks to the dbms, using sql, or to sas based on the strengths of each and the nature of the data. This enables our customers to access proc sql information in one location. See sas paper on top 10 reasons for using proc sql. This can be accomplished by using sas proc sql as shown below. Typed data is better than nontyped subset better than the whole native sql better than sas sql inmemory data is faster than disk data close to the server is better than far away subset before.
This window is the passthrough facility available with proc sql and sas access software under sas 6. Also, it will attempt to compare the techniques of data step and proc sql. When i get to the end of my process i have a single table that exports to excel as a single file. In many recent surveys, its ranked in top 5 programming languages for data analytics. It is more effective for the programmer to take control of the sas merge process and use matching variables. Here is an example of such a query done via sass proc sql using files one and two see above as input. Five reasons to use the sas data step or proc sql 20. Lets say that we have a data set containing three families with kids and we want to create a new variable in the data set that is the grand mean of age across the entire data set. There is so much more you can do with proc sql dictionary tables. Sql was designed to query extract data and create a report from a relational database. The select statement that is shown in this example performs summation, grouping, sorting, and row selection. This presentation discusses topics that will help sas users unlock the many powerful features, options, and other gems found in the sql universe. The following method is pretty simple way to get records present in one table and not in the other.
Macro variables, proc sql and the data dictionary sas. The book does a great job of comparing sas procedures to their proc sql counterparts. A special thanks to michele austin in technical support at sas institute for her assistance and guidance. Nov, 2009 learning base sas, advanced sas, proc sql, ods, sas in financial industry, clinical trials, sas macros, sas bi, sas on unix, sas on mainframe, sas intervie slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Read the extensive documentation on the sas web site. Tips and translations for data step users susan p marcella, exxonmobil biomedical sciences, inc. See macro variables set by statements in the sql procedure on page 118 of the sas guide to the sql procedure for more.
I want to translate the following snippet of code for use in proc sql for sas. Sas data set values in chunks to the sql procedure. Joining sasr and dbms tables efficiently beoptimized. Using sql within sas, author howard schreier illustrates the use of proc sql in the context of the sas data step and other sas procedures such as sort, freq, means, summary, append, datasets, and transpose whose functionality overlaps and complements that of sql. The auto increment can be done with using data step, but i dont know if data step could be use in the case with 2 tables like this. Proc sql versus the data step sas proceedings and more.
Getting things in order with proc sql, macro and a sas. Myspde is the libref we reference in our sas code to process the spd engine data stored on hdfs. From my earlier post youll recall that you can tell sql what to do but not how to do it. Procedure section in appendix 3, example code shown in using the sql.
Afaik sas only outputs to the results window when you dont have a create table statement, though you can also suppress this with a noprint option on the proc sql. What is the difference in performance for sas and proc sql. I managed to get the process to work and i can access the file thats produced and open it in excel to then save from the process flow, but i dont know how to delete the file and id prefer not to just create files in an invisible location. Dont you just love the marriage of proc sql, the macro language and the sas cats function to deliver just what was required. Running a stored process from other sas bi tools you can also run the same stored process from sas web report studio or sas addin to microsoft office. You can use sas language elements such as global statements, data set options, functions, informats, and. The inclusion of proc sql in the sas package made a very powerful addition to the sas programmers repertoire of. Proc sql can sort, summarize, subset, join merge, and concatenate datasets, create new variables, and print the results or create a new table or view all in one step. The sql procedure is sas implementation of structured query language. You can use sas language elements such as global statements, data set options, functions, informats, and formats with proc sql just as you can with other sas procedures. Using data step merge and proc sql join to combine sas. Well, i know proc sql doesnt support commit and i dont want to use proc db2util as it mi.
Powerful and hardtofind proc sql features sas support. While sas software has always provided a variety of procedures to document various data set characteristics and statistics, it has not been very easy to combine the various pieces of output into a single easytouse report. You can use sas language elements such as global statements, data set options. We also print out the new data set with a new variable of grand mean using proc print. Hands on training audience this course is for those who need to write a small amount of sql code to query their data. I dont wish to sound patronising but these are fairly simple sas questions and if we just give you the answers it might help you pass an exam but you wont actually learn very much in the process. I used this code 1 worked fine, code 2 brought zero rows, so not sure what happened, is there any better way to write it. Not only is it still a language within a language for the base sas. Structured query language sql has evolved as the standard for accessing, updating, and modifying data stored in relational databases. The difference between sas and sql terminology is shown in the table below. However, it is not fully compliant with the ans1standard for sql. This example shows that proc sql can achieve the same results as base sas software but often with fewer and shorter statements. The most basic usage of proc sql is to display or print all variables columns and observations rows from a given dataset in the sas results window. Proc sql follows most of the guidelines set by the american national standards institute ansi in its implementation of sql.
Kirk paul lafler proc sql beyond the basics using sas second edition proc sql. The sql procedure has come to play a significant role in many of the sas9 solutions. A job which is deleting records from db2 table abended and the dba group said that the job failed because there was no commit during the duration of 4 db2 checkpoints. As far as i searched, the dataset in sas does not have auto increment property. Thanks for contributing an answer to stack overflow.
Jul 11, 2014 dont you just love the marriage of proc sql, the macro language and the sas cats function to deliver just what was required. Proc sql is a powerful base sas procedure that combines the functionality of data and proc steps into a single step. Server sas enterprise guide sas stored process server sas workspace server c 2011 mark tabladillo 10. The conventions used in the ensuing code examples are as follows. Comparing proc sql with sas procedures proc freq, proc means. Its generally used for accessing databases but it can also be used to manipulate data on sas tables without hitting databases. Try to answer the question yourself with code where applicable. Reporting that suits your needs a proc sql query generates a summarized, sorted report without a call to any other procedures. Therefore, number of firmyears is estimated to be 104,000. But avoid asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Collapsing across observations using proc sql sas learning. This flexibility allows the end user to decide where they want to see the result, and eliminates the duplicate development effort typically required to make this happen. It is mostly used to format the output data of a sas program to nice reports which are good to look at and understand. The problem im facing is that i cannot increment the id from dataset 1.